INVERTEBRATE CAPTURE TECHNIQUES

 
INVERTEBRATES
 CAPTURE METHODS and TECHNIQUES
For Site & Land Managers, Rangers, Wardens,
Teachers, Educationalists, Field Leaders,
Students, Naturalists, and Professional and Amateur Entomologists
Produced By: Consult-Eco
Copyright   : SJ McWilliam, Consult-Eco  -  1996/2000

CONTENTS:

1. Why Capture Invertebrates?

 - An Introduction to Invertebrates
   - Different Orders - Structural Differences
   - Use of Binomial Nomenclature versus English Names
 - Conservation position - large numbers, greater chance of local, notable or RDB species
 - Position in food-chains for vertebrates
 - Manage for botanical and inverts assures food chains for higher species
 - If you don't know what is there how can you manage for it?
 - More complete species lists enable better decisions and provide improved base-line for
   monitoring changes in management regimes
 - Greater profile for sites
 - More chance of obtaining LNR, and/or SSSI status and fighting off development claims
 
2. Where are Invertebrates To Be Found?

 - Ground Layer
 - Low Herbage Layer
 - Tall Herbage Layer
 - Bush / Scrub Layer
 - Mid-Canopy Tree Layer
 - Upper-Canopy Tree Layer

3. Direct Netting Techniques:

 - Sweep Netting

 - Kite Netting
   - Extensions on Beachcasters

 - Pond Netting
   - Small Sieves
   - Plankton Nets
   - Pond Dredging

 - Fly Nets

4. Trapping Methods:

 - Light Traps
   - MV with Sheet
   - MV with Trap
   - Robinson
   - Skinner
   - Open Bulb
   - Night-time - Moths, Lacewings, Parasitic Hymenoptera, Dung-beetles, Bugs, Lesser earwigs, etc.
   - Day-time - beetles from compost-heaps
   - Aerial Light-trapping

  - Actinic Traps
    - Portables - Heath, ????

  - Tungsten Light Traps
    - Rothamsted - live and/or poisoned

  - Underwater Light Traps- Caddis, Beetles, Boatmen, etc.

 - Pitfall Trapping
   - empty traps
   - preservative traps
   - baited traps
   - meat
   - fish
   - fruit
   - chemical (e.g. ammonia)

 - Manitoba Trap

 - Malaise Trap
   - Aerial Malaise Trapping

 - Pheromone Trapping
   - Moths, Micro-moths, Pest Species, Cockroaches

 - Log and Dead Wood Emergence Traps

 - Leaf-Miner Emergence Traps
   - Micro-moths
   - Diptera
   - Beetles
   - Parasitic Hymenoptera
   - Parasitic Diptera

- Tree Belts
   - Corrugated Cardboard
   - Bubble Plastic
   - Hessian & Peat
   - Spiders
   - Lacewings
   - Lepidoptera Pupation Sites

 - Floating Bottle Traps
 
 5. Direct Searching Techniques:

 - Pupa Digging
 - Leaf-litter Sieving
 - Flood Refuse Sieving
 - Rot-Hole Debris Sieving
 - Dung Dunking
 - Pond Plant and Pond Substrate Sieving
 - Beating Trays
 - Tree Fogging
 - Faggot Beating
 - Red-rot Sieving
 - Log and Stone Searching
 - Bark Ripping
 - Dead Wood Destruction
 - Searching leaves
 - Searching Tree-trunks
 - Searching Specific / Unusual Plants

6. Extraction Techniques:

 - Tullgren Funnels
 - ???? Nets (large Net Bag job ??) - can't remember the name

7. Attraction Techniques:

- Sugar Ropes - Moths, Micro-moths, Lacewings, Earwigs, Harvestmen
- Sugaring
- Treacling
- Sugar / Treacle Mixture for Nymphalid Butterflies
- Rotten Potatoes for Dead-wood Diptera
- Laid Down Dead Animals
   - Mammal
   - Fish
- Tree Canopy -Dead Animals
   - Mammal
   - Fish
- Successional Colonisation and Usage
- Artificial Owl and Raptor Nests
- Bee and Wasp Nesting Sites
- Post Nests
- Bee / Wasp Walls
- Straw Tins
- Parasites and Clepto-parasites
- Bird Nest Simulation and Usage
- Feather / Fungal Balls - Micro-moths (Tineids)
- Bird Boxes - Micro-moth Larvae, Wingless diptera, Fleas
- Bat Boxes - Micro-moth larvae in the Guano, Fleas

8. Special Situations:

- Fleas
 

APPENDICES:

1). Equipment Suppliers Listing
2). Books / Identification Literature Suppliers Listing
3). Organisations, Associations & Societies Listing
4). National and Local Invertebrate Recorders Listing
5). Communication services
6). Communications Services
7). Bibliography / Further Reading
8). Consult-Eco Services
 
 


  Home   Education   Invertebrates   Computing   Links  
Next Chapter: >
 

© Consult-Eco - 1998-2002 - All rights reserved
4 Priory Close, Halton, Runcorn, Cheshire, WA7 2BN
Tel: 01928-573697
 
WebMaster:  Steve J. McWilliam
Rev. 1.2    Change-Date: 03/01/2002
 
For assistance with Entomology, Education, Invertebrates, Surveying, Local Record Centres or Web Design/Construction
please contact Steve J. McWilliam  at Consult-Eco:- stevemc@consult-eco.ndirect.co.uk

http://www.consult-eco.ndirect.co.uk/entomol/invcaptr.htm